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Using Individualised Communication for Interviewing People with Intellectual Disability: A Case Study of User-Centered Approach

Paul Cambridge & Rachel Forrester-Jones
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability,
Volume 28, No. 1, pp. 5 - 23.


This article was published in an Australian Journal, and concerns a study conducted in Great Britain. The subject of the article concerns the development of communicative styles that will help involve consumers more completely in reserach and planning than might otherwise be possible. The implications for investigators is obvious: if we can communicate more effectively with consumers, we will learn more, and therefore be more capable of drawing valid conclusions.

Without providing all of the details associated with the research design, it is enough to point out that the authors were part of a project that sought to more fully involve consumers in research studies associated with their movement from institutional to community settings. Various portions of the study occurred over a period of 12 years. The activities generating findings related to individualized communication strategies occurred during the last phase (the 12th year) of the cycle. The authors compared the amount of information gleaned from consumers they interviewed during the 12th year vs. the amount gleaned from the interviews conducted during the 5th year. The primary difference in the two sets of interviews was that the authors used an flexible and individualized communication strategy.

What is such a strategy? Working with other organizations in Britain, the authors sought to combine the common activities of language and active listening skills with a variety of other techniques that could help augment individual participation. First the authors identified unique vocabularies associated with discrete physical locations and individual experience. Such vocabularies are often reflected in a variety ways, such as:

    • Graphic symbols
    • Pictures
    • Photographs
    • Signs.

Identifying these individual characteristics that would help make the interview process more successful, however, was only part of the process. The researchers also had to make extensive preparations to properly use the resources. Since no two consumers were identical, interviewers had to become knowledgeable with respect to communicating with those individuals for whom they were responsible. That would include learning each person's unique "dialect." And they spent considerable time on such mundane issues as where the person was most comfortable when interviewed. Some chose their homes, others a particular room at a day program location, etc.

The data gathered by the authors supported the notion that the more flexible and individualized approach used during this last phase of the research resulted in more information than was previously gathered. The authors were candid that there were imperfections in the study's design that might compromise the validity of their conclusions; however, for our purposes the article is particularly useful if only to remind us that taking time to learn about a consumer's unique communication styles and treating each individually would be no less important to an investigatory interview.

By the way, such a flexible strategy takes time and effort. But we have to believe that the payoff -- more information, better decisions and the ability to help individuals develop their own every day lives -- is worth it.